When planning to expand a global site, whether to use country code top-level domains (ccTLDs), subdirectories with generic top-level domains (gTLDs), or subfolders with gTLDs depends on various factors including your business goals, target audience, content strategy, and technical capabilities. Each approach has its own advantages and considerations:

1. ccTLDs (Country Code Top-Level Domains):

   - Advantages:

     - Indicates relevance to a specific country or region, which can improve local SEO and user trust.

     - May be easier to remember for local users.

     - Allows for separate branding and marketing strategies tailored to each country or region.

   - Considerations:

     - Requires separate domain registration, hosting, and potentially separate website management.

     - Can be more expensive and complex to maintain, especially if you have a large number of country-specific sites.

     - May dilute overall domain authority as each ccTLD is treated as a separate entity by search engines.

2. Subdirectories with gTLDs (Generic Top-Level Domains):

   - Advantages:

     - Maintains all content under a single domain, potentially consolidating domain authority and improving SEO for the main domain.

     - Simplifies website management as all content is hosted under one domain.

     - Allows for centralized branding and marketing efforts.

   - Considerations:

     - May not signal local relevance to search engines as strongly as ccTLDs.

     - Requires a robust internationalization strategy to ensure content is tailored to each target audience.

     - May require more effort to implement hreflang tags and manage international SEO.

3. Subfolders with gTLDs:

   - Advantages:

     - Similar to subdirectories with gTLDs, maintains all content under a single domain, potentially consolidating domain authority and improving SEO for the main domain.

     - Simplifies website management.

     - Allows for centralized branding and marketing efforts.

   - Considerations:

     - Similar considerations as subdirectories with gTLDs, including the need for a robust internationalization strategy.

In summary, if your primary goal is to establish a strong local presence with distinct branding and SEO benefits for each country or region, ccTLDs may be the best option. However, if you prioritize centralized management, cost-efficiency, and maintaining overall domain authority, subdirectories or subfolders with gTLDs could be preferable. Ultimately, the best approach depends on your specific business needs, resources, and long-term objectives.

Here's one example for each approach:

1. ccTLD (Country Code Top-Level Domain):

   - Example: Let's say a company named "Example Corp" is expanding its global presence and wants to establish a strong presence in the United Kingdom. They might register the domain "example.co.uk" to specifically target users in the UK. This ccTLD indicates to users and search engines that the website is tailored for the UK audience, potentially improving local SEO and user trust.

2. Subdirectories with gTLDs (Generic Top-Level Domains):

   - Example: Continuing with "Example Corp," if they choose to use subdirectories with gTLDs, they might structure their URLs as follows:

     - Main domain: example.com

     - Subdirectory for UK users: example.com/uk/

     - Subdirectory for Germany users: example.com/de/

     - Subdirectory for France users: example.com/fr/

   This approach keeps all content under a single domain (example.com) while allowing for country-specific content organization and potentially consolidating domain authority.

3. Subfolders with gTLDs:

   - Example: Again using "Example Corp," if they opt for subfolders with gTLDs, they might structure their URLs similarly to the subdirectories example, but with separate gTLDs for each subfolder:

     - Main domain: example.com

     - Subfolder with gTLD for UK users: example.com/uk/

     - Subfolder with gTLD for Germany users: example.com/de/

     - Subfolder with gTLD for France users: example.com/fr/

   This approach also keeps all content under a single domain (example.com) but uses separate gTLDs for each country-specific subfolder, potentially providing additional branding opportunities and clarity for users.